Guides
Plain-language explanations of IP addresses, networks, and online privacy.
IP basics
- What is an IP address?A plain explanation of the number every device uses online, and what it reveals about you.
- IPv4 vs IPv6: what's the difference?Why there are two kinds of IP address and which one your connection uses.
- Public vs private IP addressesWhy your phone shows 192.168.x.x but websites see something else.
- Static vs dynamic IP addressesWhat static and dynamic IP addresses are, which one you have, and when you'd want a static one.
- How to change your IP addressPractical ways to get a new public or private IP address, and what each one actually changes.
Find your IP
- How to find your IP address on any deviceStep-by-step for Windows, Mac, iPhone, Android, and your router.
- How to find your IP address on iPhoneFind your iPhone's Wi-Fi IP address and router address in Settings, plus its public IP.
- How to find your IP address on AndroidFind your Android phone's IP address on Wi-Fi, including on Samsung Galaxy phones.
- How to find your IP address on WindowsFind your IP address on Windows 11 and 10 in Settings or with one quick command.
- How to find your IP address on MacFind your Mac's IP address in System Settings, from the menu bar, or in Terminal.
Routers
- How to log in to your routerFind your router's address, open its admin page, and sign in, step by step.
- 192.168.1.1: router login and admin pageHow to open 192.168.1.1, sign in to your router, and fix it when it won't load.
- 192.168.0.1: router login and admin pageHow to open 192.168.0.1, sign in to your router, and fix it when it won't load.
- 10.0.0.1: router login and admin pageHow to open 10.0.0.1, sign in to your gateway, and fix it when it won't load.
Error messages
- DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_NXDOMAIN: how to fix itWhat Chrome's DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_NXDOMAIN error means and how to fix it: check the address, clear DNS, switch DNS servers, and more.
- ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED: how to fix itERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED means the website's name couldn't be turned into an address. Here's why it happens and how to fix it on any device.
- ERR_CONNECTION_RESET: how to fix itERR_CONNECTION_RESET means the connection to a website was cut off partway. Learn the common causes and step-by-step fixes.
- ERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT: how to fix itERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT means a website took too long to answer. Find out whether it's the site or your connection, and how to fix it.
- ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED: how to fix itERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED means a server turned your connection away. Learn why it happens on websites and on localhost, and how to fix it.
- ERR_INTERNET_DISCONNECTED: how to fix itERR_INTERNET_DISCONNECTED means your device lost its internet connection. Here's how to get back online quickly, step by step.
- ERR_NETWORK_CHANGED: how to fix itERR_NETWORK_CHANGED means your connection switched while a page loaded. Learn what causes it, from VPNs to Wi-Fi hopping, and how to stop it.
- ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR: how to fix itERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR means a secure connection couldn't be set up. Fix your date and time, public Wi-Fi logins, antivirus settings, and more.
- Connected, no internet: how to fix itWi-Fi says connected but there's no internet? Learn what 'No internet, secured' means on Windows, phones, and Macs, and how to fix it fast.
- No valid IP configuration: how to fix itFix Windows' 'Wi-Fi doesn't have a valid IP configuration' and Ethernet errors: renew your IP, reset networking, and reinstall drivers.
- DNS server not responding: how to fix itFix 'The DNS server isn't responding' on Windows and other devices: restart your router, switch DNS servers, and clear old lookups.